The ultimate sign of power of a province is their fame around the island and the world. Fame is measured in the Utopian world by size and power. However, it is not absolutely necessary to be the greatest province on a particular day to be thought of highly. Instead, Utopia uses a Fame Ranking that attempts to measure your province's success over the course of the entire Utopian time cycle.
How To Obtain Fame Points
Achieving Fame Points is a fairly simple process -- you gain fame by capturing it. Each province begins with the same amount of fame. Fame can be gained through successful attacks, spells, and thievery operations, with far more fame being earned for taking risks and challenging larger opponents. In addition, far more fame can be gained by working with the kingdom and fighting against declaring enemies.
The Benefits of Fame
Fame has inherent benefits. By having your name associated with power, you gain instant credibility with peasants. For every 500 points of fame you earn, you gain:

+1% Bonus to your Maximum Population
+1% Attack Strength
+1% Daily Income
+2% Magic Effectiveness
+2% Thievery Effectiveness

In addition, each 1,500 points of fame also earns you an additional vote for the Monarch of your Kingdom.